Substance painter mesh maps are not paintable. Update checker The update window indicates if a new version of the application is available and display as well the latest Release notes. Substance painter mesh maps are not paintable

 
 Update checker The update window indicates if a new version of the application is available and display as well the latest Release notesSubstance painter mesh maps are not paintable  You can hide and unhide layers, put them into folders and change their opacity and blending mode

This happens with woods and other smart materials. 3 Substance 3D Painter 8. Drag in the file, and make sure Auto-Unwrap is deactivated and your Template is set to Metallic Roughness before clicking OK. Substance painter doesn't bake mesh maps properly. Just like in mudbox. Tested on the side having multiple meshes but same result. Add new Mesh Map Bakers window to select bakers [Baking Mode] Add new Mesh Map Settings window to edit baking settings1 Correct answer. The Omniverse Connector is a plugin that automatically exports texture maps whenever a user paints or changes any properties in the texture set. This window automatically appears during startup if a new version is available to download. This could explain why you do not have the same results with other apps. Aliasing on UV Seams. Color management This section controls the color management settings that will be used by the project. Offline / Send Message. A mid grey will be remapped to 0. If it isn't working properly: If surfaces are too wide apart, they won't bake. Substance Painter to Maya | how to export texture map from Substance Painter to Maya Arnold workflow | part 01in this video we will learnwhat setting we hav. 04 and MacOS to 10. You'll need to rebuild the UVs and. Hello Kayla, hi everyone, I can see there is some confusion about the UV reprojection option in Substance 3D Painter. Release date: July 23, 2020. Editing grid points. Creating ID Maps in Photoshop to quickly apply Smart Materials in Substance PainterGet courses, resources and a small gift here: if you want to add an emissive output to the Base Material node that you show in your example above then there are some extra steps: 1. The default settings for the Color Map from Mesh is to bake the high-poly mesh vertex colors into a texture based on the mesh UVs. The new "substance_painter. About the maps, exported, if you added a displacement map in the Texture Sets, then for any preset selected in the export window, the displacement map should be exported. Substance 3D Painter 8. Then, select the Paint tool from the toolbar. 4. As the title suggests, I've imported some maps that I previously exported from substance painter. I just took a look at the model. ) will assign a type of usage to the asset, so it is important to choose the right folder when adding new content. Video in the loom link below. Community Beginner , Jun 11, 2022. Click the little filled in square/face icon, select a color like red, whatever, and hit shift K. I double click and nothing seems to happen, its really odd markaamorossi • 2 yr. All Blending Modes are performed in Linear Gamma space internally. if the Normal channel is not present or if the Normal channel output is empty the baked normal map will still be used. You can get creative right away – or you can import a UDIM image sequence. Obviously this means that the same part of the UV map has two. For example, baking can provide information. 4. What kind of resource are stored in a project ? Every asset or resource used during the texturing is stored into the project file, this include: Source Mesh (not the original file, but a processed one) Baked Mesh maps Hi If you export to USD, Stager, glTF, Skecthfab, you can export the mesh with the displacement, there is an option in the export window. Offline / Send Message. The texture filtering can be adjusted via the Display Settings window under the Viewport Settings parameters. If it isn't working properly: If surfaces are too wide apart, they won't bake. Select the desired Output Size. Oct 2020. Open the Baking Window (via the Texture Set Settings). TEXTURE. #1 zeton Aug 3, 2020 @ 12:41pm Originally posted by Jerc: Not for the paiting tool. Here's an image of what UV Tiles looks like. Textures baked incorrect, broken. Project Creation. Substance Painter allows you to mask based on an objects imported color. Legal Notices | Online Privacy Policy Share this page If you don't have UVs SP will report "[Paint editor] Invalid scene, mesh 'x' has no UV coordinates" and show nothing in my experience so I don't think it's that. I get the following message when baking from high to low in Substance Painter. The Paint tool is comprised of a brush, alpha, stencil, and material. You can also try flipping channels in Photoshop to fix it, link here on a thread about it. I can however paint the default mesh. 3) is to create a material with different diffuse colors assigned to each material ID for the mesh in 3ds max and then export that color ID mesh via . I thought the number of vertices was too high, so I tried baking the model down to about 130,000. Substance Painter 2020. For now I am baking with XNORMAL, it is not so good as sunbnstance painter, but works. Imported a mesh from Maya to test with, namely the Heavy Weapons Guy from tf2. Substance 3D Painter 8. v5EA0 is correct - to paint on each side differently you need to split the UV mapping so that each side appears separately. You can also try flipping channels in Photoshop to fix it, link here on a thread about it. Hi If you export to USD, Stager, glTF, Skecthfab, you can export the mesh with the displacement, there is an option in the export window. Painting on Maps. Anything outside this range will be visible but won't be interactive. When painting with a bitmap or substance on a height, that source is remapped from its original [0,255] range to a [-1,1] range. Just having to assign a different material or mat ID to each UV map on the mesh would be great. The viewport of Substance 3D Painter should be able to rendering meshes up to 10 millions triangles. You will find a new folder structure mimicking the original Shelf directory in the location you specified earlier, and can now add your custom assets to the appropriate folders! #2. Painter automatically combines height and normal information into a normal map Buttt what if it isnt? People keep saying this but it isnt happening on my project. Then switch to Vertex paint. Mesh Map. 4. To do so, you can use one of the following way: Use the croissant icon in the contextual toolbar at the top right of the viewport. 37:57. 2. Mesh appears pink in the viewport. Sometimes we may need access to occluded parts in Substance Painter. I made a dog in Blender and now want to paint it before rigging. Double-click. Painting Your Model to Identify Materials. Alternatively you can invert the green channel of the normal map, as this is the core difference between OpenGL and DirectX. Display the Common Parameters. But yes tbh i had to also edit marmoset a lot even the lighting and the camera settings to get things to look identical to substance, for me it took a few days with just the rendering and lighting. If you want to paint through a cylinder shape though for example, you can drag and drop a material while holding Alt, this will create a decal on your mesh and you can scale it so that the paiting goes through the whole thing. In this course we take a look at how to work with UV tiles (UDIM) in Substance 3D Painter. No that's not what I was asking. About the maps, exported, if you added a displacement map in the Texture Sets, then for any preset selected in the export window, the displacement map should be exported. event. You can do that in a separate application or use autounwrap on import. Oct 2020. Interes. This will add red to where that texture is on your model. The reason it's set up this way is because I use it in second life and second life limits uv maps to 1024x1024 pixels, so it makes the model in game. 1 integrates the Adobe Color Engine (ACE) with support for ICC profiles, new bakers, new 3D noises and 20 grunge maps and an improved eyedropper. First of all, check the UV channels in Maya It should be the first UV Channel (UV Set in Maya). 4. By default it is set to Legacy (sRGB / Linear workflow). Then; Bake all the maps except "ID map" firstly. Mesh maps can be used to give more information related to the mesh geometry and enhance the look of materials. Update checker The update window indicates if a new version of the application is available and display as well the latest Release notes. Actyuually I tryed to uninstall and install again my substance painter. Release date: 7 June 2022 Major features New color management with Adobe Color Engine (ICC support) Substance 3D Painter project can be really big and use a lot of disk space. The meshes I tested with were UV unwrapped, but use more than one material slot in Maya If I can get this issue out of the way then I can help with some online video tutorials to get. Nov 2020. IS THIS CLASS RIGHT FOR ME: This class is for those who want to learn new texturing methods. This window automatically appears during startup if a new version is available to download. This means you have to change Painter's project settings to be OpenGL so other OpenGL apps can correctly display the normal map. Understanding normal map tangents and shading . Release date: 7 June 2022 Major features New color management with Adobe Color Engine (ICC support) Substance 3D Painter project can be really big and use a lot of disk space. Once you are satisfied with your work inside Substance 3D Painter, you can export your textures to bitmap files. . The window is divided in three sections : Disabled Texture Sets : List all the Texture Sets that are currently unused. First, go to the blender and reapply your material to all mesh. 1 integrates the Adobe Color Engine (ACE) with support for ICC profiles, new bakers, new 3D noises and 20 grunge maps and an improved eyedropper. The grid divisions are automatic based on the current camera level of zoom and angle. Find creative freedom. When i try to do that. Several of the parts in the unwrap are used twice in two different places on the model. The brush properties are similar to the brush properties found in Adobe Photoshop. But without having to move additional UV sets to tiles outside of the 0-1 space, because I don't think baking outside of 0-1 works in 3ds Max. When your project is complete, you can export bitmap textures, or export the geometry of the model. 1 - Switch to baking mode. (1) sfna on Twitter: "まだ諦めていなかったのかと言われそうですが、一応実験を続けてるWS->TS法線変換 以前のGLSLベースやり方だと書き出し時に細かいDitherが載ってしまったので、今回はSubstanceDesignerでPainter用のFilterを. (Still same issue) Reinstalled it AGAIN (Still same issue)When I import my model as an FBX from Blender, I learned that before starting to do anything you should bake the mesh. When creating a new project and adding a mesh object, Substance 3D Painter offers several import settings you can use to extract information from the object, including textures. It also includes several performance and project size improvements for any type of project. This Bounding Box is 1 unit wide on every axis. Release date: 7 June 2022 Major features New color management with Adobe Color Engine (ICC support) Basically, just keep placing them to the right. There are several ways to add resources to the Assets window and to your libraries, either using by using the Import window in Painter or placing the assets manually in the desired location on the disk. Substance Painter. Therefore, make sure every UV island is correctly set in its Tile. 2020. 1. Right-click. this will launch Photoshop and run a script by Substance Painter, setting up all documents with layers. 1 Substance 3D Painter 8. Each type of export offers various settings to configure the final output and make it fit specific requirements or need from other applications. Please, do not hesitate to contact me. Mesh parts bleed between each other. 2. Mesh UV Map, Project from view or Triplanar mapping. To do so, you can use one of the following way: Use the croissant icon in the contextual toolbar at the top right of the viewport Nov 01, 2021 Hello! I'm experienced with Maya and other 3d programs but am fairly new to using Substance. bitinn polycounter lvl 6. Update checker The update window indicates if a new version of the application is available and display as well the latest Release notes. Adding resources via the import window; Adding content on the hard drive; Receiving assets from other. And if you need something very specific, you can always paint on a layer on top of your normal map inside of Substance Painter, but it is not something I would personally recommend. I also made the ears separate as they are large and would be hard to paint the underside. I thought that using UDIM might be a problem, so I combined the UVs together, but the results were not good. If it says polySurface6 (or whatever name you gave the poly) has no UV coordinate. Baking refer to the action of transferring mesh based information into textures. Now, we can export this mesh again but turn on Include UVs this time. Lets just assume for a second that there is no probelm with my mesh topography. 1 integrates the Adobe Color Engine (ACE) with support for ICC profiles, new bakers, new 3D noises and 20 grunge maps and an improved eyedropper. Getting Started Version 8. Reza shows how to effectively “blow apart” the model so the baking rays will better read all the objects in your model. 4. Pres Ctrl+shift+b (or with alt additionally this is in my muscle memory sorry not surel. Show Cursor. Normal map looks incorrect when loaded in layer or tool properties; Paint Tool bleeds on other UV islands; Project Issues. this will export a LOT of maps to keep layers intact. Yes what you are trying to bake is the normal map, but the softwares used for such a task aren't free, as far as I know. Painter automatically combines height and normal information into a normal map. When you import the OBJ file into Substance Painter, you should see only one texture set: If you see more than one texture set, then one of the following was wrong when the mesh was exported from Maya:First make sure you colapse the Unwrap UVW stack on all objects. Under Object Data Properties, under UV Maps, we can see our active UV map on our mesh. poopipe godlike master sticky. Add an output node to that reference graph and set the identifier to emissive and Label to Emissive. Painting in Substance 3D Painter can be achieved in many ways with manual tools or automatic actions. See the advanced channel painting documentation for more information. 1 Upvote. I have tried applying before exporting as well. Report. When importing a mesh, the UVs of some parts disappear. The result was not good. 4. In this application shaders are used to know how to read the Texture. You can apply the same techniques to the other maps. In almost every cases, this is something you want to avoid and Substance 3D Painter won't accept to work with UDIM as long as you have UV island crossing multiple Tiles. Add your high poly mesh to the list in the displayed window as high poly mesh. In the export window, make sure the Vertex Colors box is selected. The toolbar below that is where Substance’s tools are located, such as a brush to paint, an eraser to remove mistakes or paint away sections you do not want, and a large array of masking tools. About the maps, exported, if you added a displacement map in the Texture Sets, then for any preset selected in the export window, the displacement map should be exported. As the title says, when I importing my model, the UVs of some elements disappear, making it impossible to paint on. This video will show you how to edit a mesh map (ambient occlusion) within substance painter. Basically, the UVs are the 3D model unfolded in a 2D space. To automatically connect mesh maps (baked textures) when an effect is added on a layer, a specific naming convention must be followed. 0) introduces the new UV Tile workflow which allows to paint across UDIMs. It will use the same TextureSet if it shares the same texture (Material ID). . vice ganda movie 2023. Baking the ID Map in Substance Painter. . The baking workflow has been improved with this release with some new features. [BakingProcess] Highpoly scene was required when baking Curvature Map from Mesh but could not be loaded. Enable Polygon Fill by clicking the Polygon Fill. These presets can be used to quickly share across Texture Sets or Projects a similar texturing process while keeping the results different, adapted to the mesh topology . This page explains why and how to mitigate it. . 1 Substance 3D Painter 8. e. Offline / Send Message. 0) exporting maps = black base color. . Line them up. In Substance,. It offers better performances as geometry can be completely discarded when generating the textures. I can however paint the default mesh. 1 integrates the Adobe Color Engine (ACE) with support for ICC profiles, new bakers, new 3D noises and 20 grunge maps and an improved eyedropper. Substance 3D Painter 8. Export window. 01:45:04. This window automatically appears during startup if a new version is available to download. When you import a new mesh, if you uncheck the "preserve stroke" we re-normalize the bounding box to the new mesh. 3 introduces a brand new baking mode, USD files import and support for physical size in UV projection mode. About the maps, exported, if you added a displacement map in the Texture Sets, then for any preset selected in the export window, the displacement map should be exported. Export textures : Ctrl+Shift+E: Shift+⌘+E: Open the export textures window. 3. B. About the maps, exported, if you added a displacement map in the Texture Sets, then for any preset selected in the export window, the displacement map should be exported. [Scene 3D] Failed to triangulate polygon (no ear found). If you export to USD, Stager, glTF, Skecthfab, you can export the mesh with the displacement, there is an option in the export window. After that, Remove the high poly version of the FBX and bake only the "ID map" (Vertex Color). (Basically, flip the green channel. Hello I'm new to Blender and SP, please go easy on me. From AAA Game Developers to Indies, from Feature Animation to Visual Effects studios, the industry uses Painter to bring their creations to life thanks to its unparalleled speed, flexibility and visual quality. I can however paint the default mesh. Hold brush ruler key (SHIFT) when painting to restrict strokes horizontally or vertically. Adding resources via the import window. Bake mesh maps not displaying/doing anything Re: "[Project management] Save failed - this is unusual, check previous. Paint. The warp projection is represented by a plane and a grid of points. FYI, my ususal process (which has worked perfectly until version 8. DaveLet’s export our model as FBX so that the vertex colours stay intact (the Wavefront OBJ format does not support this feature by default). Imported a mesh from Maya to test with, namely the Heavy Weapons Guy from tf2. Lemenus polycounter lvl 5. run the Submerger script and it will combine maps if it can. 1 Substance 3D Painter 8. It might seem like a 3D selection tool from other 3DCC applications, but is actually a painting fill tool that results in pixel data. When baking in painter you don't need cage, just check the box that says (average the normals) or something like that. Controls the number of times the texture is repeated. X-Ray: Paint through mesh faces. ) Another solution may be that it's getting gamma corrected which messes it all up. A project can be exported into bitmap textures to be used with other software. Baking can be quite tedious, luckily most artifacts can be easily fixed inside Substance Painter. However it is often the case. I'm encountering an issue I can't seem to find any documentation on: when I import certain meshes into Painter, it tells me: "Mesh normals are invalid (some values are null) and will be recomputed". Select the desired texture channels on the left-hand side. Oct 2020. Override the normal map gamma to 1 in 3ds max map slot. Your specular in this img is black should be white. . (Basically, flip the green channel. I have tried applying before exporting as well. TextureStateEvent" allows to know when a Texture Set has been modified either because of a paint stroke, a new channel added or a channel removed. Substance 3D Painter provides a powerful export dialog that lets you customize the format and settings of the exported files. Ultimately the best I could do was to group the objects into 35 or so texture sets so I can at least hide parts of the project. You can hide and unhide layers, put them into folders and change their opacity and blending mode. Inside Substance Painter, open the FBX file. ) Another solution may be that it's. Reset all (only in settings section): reset the export configuration of the project. Thank you for reading. In the Texture set settings panel, click Bake Mesh Maps. This is a starter class for beginners and it is designed to teach you. Found I can't paint on him or other meshes from the get go. You can use these bitmap files in almost any 3D software. 3 Substance 3D Painter 8. I made an object with UDIM UV maps that I then exported to Substance painter and painted. Paint textures on to the model. Substance 3D Painter requires a 3D mesh to start a new project. I've created model of the guitar in Maya, grouped everything in outliner, created UV map, assigned one lambert to the first file "guitar_low" and other 6 lamberts to the file "guitar_high" than exported them to 2 fbx files, named as "guitar_low" and. Getting Started Version 8. Mesh UV Map, Project from view or Triplanar mapping. Use UVLayout to either remap the various UV maps into a single UV Tile, or alternatively create a set of UDIM Tiles for export into Substance Painter (which recently acquired the ability to work with UDIM Tiles). High poly scene could not be loaded when trying to bake curvature and thickness. So, I baked the mesh, unchecked the normal and ID. ) parts of the mesh turns Gray, but I can still paint on it. Common issues. Select the desired texture channels on the left-hand side. But then (I suppose it's Substance) adds some weird triangles on the mesh. When projecting a normal map above a normal map can I fully replace the below normal with the top normal map (all on the same layer) ? I used a cross-normal-map in the example, I thought when I draw the first cross, then paint over a second cross, the second cross will fully. Each points can be modified to make the projection fit better the 3D model but also to distort the texture. and then re-calculates the normals itself. Substance Painter's render format is DirectX by default. Before you exported to SP did you have any material IDs on parts of your object? If so it will make separate "Texture Set List" layers and you might just be on the wrong layer. See exactly what you get. Try removing them as. Several of the parts in the unwrap are used twice in two different places on the model. This page explains why and how to mitigate it. I've added both a picture and a 30sec video showing the issue. The easiest way to deal with such hidden parts is by making them accessible before importing the model, such as opening the lid of a chest or the mouth of a figure, or even “exploding” an object to make all its surfaces accessible. This release raise the minimum version supported of Ubuntu to 18. Like I said. It is now supported natively and directly plug and play with Painter. These control your texture size and allow. If the current project use Color management, this setting. About the maps, exported, if you added a displacement map in the Texture Sets, then for any preset selected in the export window, the displacement map should be exported. e: Import Low Res, Texture Set Resolution, Import High Res, Check Bake Setting, etc. 1 (7. Found I can't paint on him or other meshes from the get go. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Below is the list of all the Blending Modes available in Substance 3D Painter layers and effects. For more information, see the dedicated documentation page. Jerc [developer] Aug 3, 2020 @ 10:30am. The dropdown is divided into three sections: Display the 3D model in the viewport with full lighting, including shadows if enabled. Environment map texture to be used to light the scene. This page explains why and how to mitigate it. 2. 1 now becomes 6. By default, Painter is set to the Painting mode when creating or opening a project. Substance Painter 2019. Description. Foundation. Mesh parts bleed between each other. Hit the + Icon then “ok”. The meshes I tested with were UV unwrapped, but use more than one material slot in Maya If I can get this issue out of the way then I can help with some online video tutorials to get. Select Edit->Bake Mesh Maps A window will appear. Some days before this post I was baking with substancer, sudeenly no longer can do it. Override the normal map gamma to 1 in 3ds max map slot. I've attachde the . This will work for realistic smart materials as well!If you want to learn how to make the material shown in the video please click on the video link at the e. To make it simple, Substance 3D Painter. 1. I can however paint the default mesh. A dedicated channel is planned, but meanwhile by using the Normal channel and some brush parameter it is possible to paint flow maps in Substance 3D Painter. On the picture below you can see that the edges just will not bake correctly. Found I can't paint on him or other meshes. My bet is that you have the wrong normal format. Then placing the mouse where the duplicated area will appear and start painting. That means selecting and unselecting works by using it to paint white or black. The Paint tool is the default brush for painting colors and material properties on a 3D mesh. Below is a list of common issues related to the rendering and display : Artifacts and glitches on Mac OS with Custom GPUs. Delete the existing UV Attribute, and then use something like LABS AutoUV's to generate a brand new UV Map that is correctly. This window automatically appears during startup if a new version is available to download. You can do that in a separate application or use autounwrap on import. Offline / Send Message. 1 integrates the Adobe Color Engine (ACE) with support for ICC profiles, new bakers, new 3D noises and 20 grunge maps and an improved eyedropper. If it isn't working properly: If surfaces are too wide apart, they won't bake. Found I can't paint on him or other meshes from the get go. To do so, you can use one of the following way: Use the croissant. Now, simply paint over the areas of your model that. 2. Seams are visible after baking a normal texture. Subsurface scattering is a mechanism of light when penetrating an object or a surface. When you load your geometry in Painter, there are some processing to allow your geometry to be textured in Painter. And the ability to simultaneously apply the same layers on a multi-tile mesh in Substance Painter too, please. See exactly what you get. In order to override/paint the. Third problem: your HP mesh and LP mesh did not match up. Working with UV tiles. I'm a noob to Substance, but when I just try to bake the mesh map the model turns grey and I can't paint or apply smart materials; nothing works. Take a look a the color management documentation to learn more details on how to use this workflow and what the settings are doing. These improvements will speed up and ease day-to-day work with Substance Painter. 3. Offline / Send Message. If you select your mesh that's having an issue, select all of the faces and "duplicate face". With a simple three-click process, Substance Painter can bake the details down to a series of maps that capture nearly all the detail of the original. 1 Substance 3D Painter 8. However the performances are heavily dependent on the GPU installed in the computer. The Shaders Settings window allows to control the shader (and Iray mdl) parameters and the geometry displacement parameters. This can lead to blurry textures in some cases. Substance Painter 2. Mesh Map Settings is where all the baker and common settings are located and can be modified, depending on the selection from the two previous window. TEXTURE. Normal texture looks faceted. Parametric brushes and tools allow you to paint the perfect look for any asset. Allows to manually set the repeating amount for the current texture. Substance Designer. Controls from where the texture will be projected. To manually check for updates use Check for updates in the Help menu. Add a new Fill Layer to your material’s layer stack. This mode can be accessed via the dedicated icon. Project Workflow. Mar 14, 2022 I am using mac OS Substance painter 7. 1. October 1, 2016. Legal Notices | Online Privacy Policy Share this page VDOMDHTMLtml> Solved: Mirrored UV Map causes symmetry - Adobe Support Community - 13000700 Solved: I'm newer to substance painter, this is not a problem with the substance painter software, but a question to know if anyone knows a workaround to make - 13000700 Adobe Support Community All communityThis categoryThis boardKnowledge baseUserscancel Substance 3D Painter Release notes Version 8. Therefore, values below 127 will substract from the heightmap while values above 127 will add to it when using the default blending mode set for the height maps, Linear Dodge. The grid settings allow to display and control the drawing of a 3D grid inside the 3D viewport. Click on the button to open a mini-shelf and choose a different environment map. It is not very clear what is precisely the problem with your map, but I am confident you will get what you want without going back and forth with Photoshop. Here's the fastest way to set-up your models for easy awesome looking photo-realistic materials!!Substance Painter Playlist:3D Painter can paint only on a positive space tile (on the right or the top of the UDIM 1001). This method lets you create simple materials. Mesh flash to white when moving camera. Enhance artistry with smart tools. Hold brush ruler key (SHIFT) and click onto the surface to paint lines. Texture filtering. Instead of being reflected, like metallic surfaces, a portion of the light is absorbed by the material and then scattered inside . You would then select the remaining face/faces and just apply the brick texture. This is why when interacting with the 2D view some results may seem unexpected. The SpaceMouse® is a device by 3Dconnexion that allows to manipulate the 3D viewport camera in a more intuitive and friendly way. The workflow is as follows: use File – Send to – Export to Photoshop in Substance Painter. Step 13: Baking Normal Maps (Part 2) In Substance Painter, create a new project and load your low-resolution mesh It is crucial to use OpenGL for Normal Maps to have a correct height direction The decision to use Substance Painter on Apex was an easy one for several reasons: ease of use and speed of iteration while being non-destructive, the. ago [deleted] • 2 yr.